If I was to take a bet.... I bet its a 100a fast blow fuse. so shorting about 100A across it would make it blow almost instantly. A fuse blows because the heat is so intense it vaporizes.
That said, if it was me, I would source a replacement fuse and offer a repair service. Has to be cheaper than a new harness.
Correct, even the onboard Calex can blow the fuse if it were to be plugged in on the DC side is on. The inrush current to the capacitors has also blown the charge fuse when hooking up an external calex to the accessory port.
The stock onboard charger on the bike charges the caps via a precharge resistor to equalize voltage on both sides before the contactor closes. Also you can plug it in to AC power first and then plug in the DC side.
Basically just confirming this is a fast blow fuse and you are correct as to why heat buildup was perhaps the reason it blew with less than its rated max.
And there is another way. If you take one Anderson out of the main battery, one out of the accessory port, and one out of the onboard charger Anderson, and the positive battery lead to the controller, you can replace just this section and the charge fuse is included. This is what I did a couple weeks ago on my bike, but not sure if this would be considered standard procedure.
Basically we just don't want anyone to have this happen to them. For J plug use, the accessory port is fine, for a 14-50 or anything higher, you can't charge this way without almost certainly having a failure. So best not to try.