An EVSE is nothing more than a safer wall plug that also says how much power you're allowed to use.
In short it decides if its safe to turn on. (aka, a vehicle is connected and requests it)
It then turns on, and watches the power.
If the power usage is too high, it turns off.
If a ground fault is found, it turns off.
If the plug is disconnected, it turns off.
If it is requested to turn off(via the vehicle) it does so.
How it works:
it boots up and checks ground, voltage, relay check, etc...
Circuit puts out a pilot signal and watches the voltage.
once connected to the car the voltage will change for it to know the state.. (connected, power requested, etc)
If connected, it should do a diode check.
It can then click on a big relay.
it checks that the relay is working.
it uses a current sensor to tell how much the vehicle is drawing.
it uses another current sensor to tell if there is a ground fault.
Its all pretty simple... just a stack of really simple, really cheap tech designed to be easy to implement and make the plug safer.
In the end, you are just plugging the vehicle into the wall and telling it how much the max it can use is. the vehicle then does its own thing.